What to know about this year’s UN climate talks
· Source: MIT Technology Review
The COP 31 climate conference runs from November 8‑20 in Antalya, Turkey, co‑hosted by Turkey and Australia. The meeting takes place amid the war in Iran, rising energy prices, and global warming surpassing the 1.5 °C threshold set by the Paris Agreement. The absence of an official U.S. delegation, following its withdrawal from the treaty, adds another layer of complexity to the talks.
A key focus is climate finance. Developed countries pledged to mobilise $300 billion a year by 2035, yet in 2024 they delivered less than half that amount. Fossil fuels also re‑entered the agenda, as the previous year’s final text omitted them, while the co‑hosts still rely heavily on coal and gas.
Informal initiatives were also introduced, including a commitment to make artificial intelligence more sustainable and a target to raise the share of electricity in global energy consumption from 23 % to 35 % by 2035.
The summit matters because the decisions made will shape the pace of the energy transition and the availability of financial resources needed to mitigate and adapt to climate change—critical factors for limiting its global impacts.
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